Balloon

Early in the 18th century Bartholemeu de Gusmao, a Portuguese priest, developed a samall hot-air balloon. But the first big balloon was built by two French brothers, Joseph Michel and Jacques Estenne Montgolfier, in 1783. They made a huge bage of paper and cloth, which they held over a fire. When they released the smoke-filled balloon, it soared into the sky.
Encouraged by their success, the Montgolfier brothers build a balloon with a basket underneath to carry passengers. In the basket they put a rooster, a duck, and a young sheep. The balloon was filled with hot air from a fire and was released. The basket, with iis animal passenger, floated upward. High above the earth the warm air inside the balloon cooled off, and the balloon slowly floated to earth. Live passengers had been carried into the air and returned safely for first time in history.
This feat inspired two men to become the first human beings to fly above the earth. They were Jean Francois Pilatre de Rozier, a French physician, and Francois Laurent, the Marquis d’Arlandes. A huge blue and gold hot air balloon carried them aloft over Paris on November 21, 1783.
Fire was always a danger at these early balloon launchings. One spark could send a balloon up in flame. But in the same year that the hot air balloon was developed, Jacques A.C Caharles. A French scientist, invented the gas balloon. Charles build a sphere of rubberized silk and filled it with hydrogen, a gas that is lighter than air without being heated. The balloon soared into the air and landed in a field near Paris, where it was destroyed by frightened farm workers.
With to help of others, Charles later developed a balloon thay could carry passengers. To rise higher, the balloonist released sand from bags tied to the side of the basket. To come down, the balloonist pulled a rope that opened a valve located at the top of the balloon. The open valve allowed hydrogen to escape, so that the balloon would slowly deflate and return to earth.