This is Letizia Filippi and the gossip is that she is the new woman in the life of footballer (soccer) Cristiano Ronaldo. The claims are unsubstantiated as other talk is that his relationship with Nereida Gallardo isn't completely over, at least not as far as she is concerned.
Letizia has admitted that she has had dinner with Ronaldo and her agent says the couple are 'very, very good friends'. But he would say that - it's good publicity whether true or untrue.
The Italian Letizia Filippi is well known in Spain, lives in Rome and one of her claims to fame is that she finished third in the 1994 Miss. Italy. She is 30 years of age and has had liaisons with numerous well known sportsmen over the years.
“….geographers, in Afric maps, With savage pictures fill their graps, And o’er unhabitable downs Place elephans for want of towns.”
These word were written by Jonathan Swift, the author of Gulliver’s Travels. He wrote them more than 200 years ago. Swift was pointing out how little the Europeans of his day knew about Africa. It was a “dark continent” to them – huge and vast and un known. It remained so for centuries.
Africa is the world’s second largest continent. Only Asia is larger. Africa is larger enough to hold nearly four continents the size of Australia.
The giant continent straddles the equator, stretching both north and south about 35 degrees. But because of Africa’s shape, the bulk of its land lies beetwen the Tropic of cancer and the Tropic of Capicorn. This means that most of Africa is in the tropics. Indeed, Africa is the most tropical of the continent.
Every time you turn on oyur radio or listen to television or a juke box, these is a good chance that the music you hear will be at least partly African in origin. This is because the music of Europe and America. It began when black Africans were transportedto America as slaves, taking their songs and dances with them. Gradually, as they became accustomed to their new home, they combined their own music with the folk music and Amreican Indian music they heard in the New World. The result was a new and original American folk music. Largely out of this grew jazz, one of the most popular forms of music today.
African music is considered primitive because it comes from people who do not have a written language; song are passed on by word of mouth rather than by the use of written notes. Yet it does not seem right to call this music primitive, since some of it is more highly developed than the folk music of Europe and America
So, you’ve bought a new guitar! If you are like I was, you’ve been going to barbeques for years, having a couple of beers and watching your mates sitting around with their guitars, playing songs you’ve known for years and would love to play! So you finally spent the money and bought a guitar – now what?
You want to learn fast – so you can join in. For this article, I’m going to assume that you’re a beginner who wants basic proficiency.
I’ve done some research on this, as it was where I was, and I found a connection between people who want to “play fast” and those who already play but just want to play "faster". The connection is quite simple, yet very profound.
Through what I found out, I believe there are two parallels:
1. Study the techniques involved which will make your overall playing faster, and
2. Re-focus your practice sessions onto the basic concepts that beginners learn, which will allow you to become a faster player.
There is a useful acronym that you can use to help focus your practice and improve your playing: M.O.S.T.
M for Memorization
You can have the world's best "ear", but if you don't memorise:
a) the fretboard notes and
b) the major and minor key chords and scales,
it won't matter how good your ear is. The most frustrating thing about learning a new song is finding that chord or note that you know you've learned but just can't remember! It's funny that song writers don't give you time in the middle of their pieces to find that Aminor chord, or work out if a Db minor chord works in a song in B, and then if it does, where it is on the fretboard!
If you are a beginner - LEARN THE FRETBOARD and memorise it!
If you are more advanced - LEARN THE FRETBOARD and memorise it! You might think you already know it, but can you jump from one note or chord to any other instantly without thinking about it?
O for Observation
Human beings work best when all of the senses work in unison. Try plugging your ears with cotton wool and then trying to play a song. Not very good are you. (People like Ray Charles and Beethoven amaze me).
Your senses of sight, sound and touch all interweave to play guitar. When you play a song really well, you can even taste the applause (just kidding). The more you play, the more your fingers put themselves in the right places, your muscles retain a memory of those positions. You begin to see patterns and relationships on the fretboard. You hear yourself play the correct notes and chords and that gives you confidence, which is essential in fast playing.
Memorization is the foundation for observation, and observation is the key to training your mind and hands to work in concert automatically.
S for strength and T for training
This is not weight training! It is really dexterity training (but MODT isn't a word!). However, being dextrous means you have strength in your fingers in order to play the chords you need to play when you need to play them.
Beginners often struggle to hold down chords and play scales with all four fingers. Consistent and correct practice is the only way to build strength, muscle memory and finger dexterity.
The same problem occurs for intermediate players - the most likely culprit for slow play is a deficiency in strength, dexterity and/or correct technique.
Practise your finger exercise and chord making perfectly - don't settle for "that'll do" or "near enough". You want to train your fingers to go to the correct place in the correct way every time! Sloppy exercises will not help.
In conclusion, the key to learning guitar faster - as well as playing it faster - rests in following the M.O.S.T. formula. It really is all about getting the basics right from the start!
About The Author
Greg Millican
http://www.strumandpick.com
For free advice, lessons and downloads on guitar for beginners and intermediate players.
Introduction
3GP or .3gp is the third generation video standard. It integrates mp3, mp4, 3gpp, 3g3p and 3g2.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (See Wikipedia)3GP is a multimedia container format defined by 3GPP for use on 3G mobile phones. It is a simplified version of MPEG-4 Part 14 (MP4). 3GP files have the filename extension .3gp or .3g2.
3GP stores video streams as MPEG-4 or H.263, and audio streams as AMR-NB or AAC-LC formats. 3GP files are always big-endian. 3GP also describes image sizes and bandwidth, so content is correctly sized for mobile display screens.
3GP files are viewable on a PC using QuickTime or RealPlayer.
MPEG-4 Part 14, formally, ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003, is a multimedia container format standard specified as a part of MPEG-4. It is most-commonly used to store digital audio and digital video streams, especially those defined by MPEG, but also can be used to store other data such as subtitles and still images. Like most modern container formats, MPEG-4 Part 14 allows streaming over the Internet. The official filename extension for MPEG-4 Part 14 files is .mp4, thus the container format is often refered to simply as MP4.
3GPP
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration agreement that was established in December 1998. It's a co-operation between ETSI (Europe), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CCSA (China), ATIS (North America) and TTA (South Korea).
Some of the well well-known participants of the 3GPP project are 3, Alvatel Apple, AT&T, BenQ, BT Group, China Mobile Com, Congular Wireless, Cisco, Ericsson, France Telecom, Fraunhofer, Fujitsu, HP, HuaWei, IBM, Intel, KDDI, KPN, LG, Lucent, Microsoft, Mitsubishi, Motorola, NEC, Nippon Ericsson, Nokia, Nortel, NTT DoCoMo, 02, Oki, Panasonic, Philips, Qualcomm, Samsung, Sharp, Siemens, Sony Ericsson, Sun, Swisscom, Tata Consultancy Services, Texas Instruments, Thomson, T-Mobile, TNO, Toshiba, VIA Technologies , Vodafone and Yokogawa, to name but a few.
The scope of 3GPP is to make a globally applicable third generation (3G) mobile phone system specification within the scope of the ITU's IMT-2000 project. 3GPP specifications are based on evolved GSM specifications, now generally known as the UMTS system.
Note that 3GPP should not be confused with 3GPP2, which specifies standards for another 3G technology based on IS-95 (CDMA), commonly known as CDMA2000
Standards
3GPP standards are structured as Releases. Discussion of 3GPP thus freqently refers to the functionality in one release or another.
- Release 98 and earlier releases specify pre-3G GSM networks.
- Release 99 specify the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a CDMA air interface.
- Release 4 - originally Release 2000 - adds features including an All IP Core Network.
- Release 5 introduces IMS and HSDPA.
- Release 6 integrates operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds HSUPA.
- Release 7 and onwards are still in the early stages, and work towards better integration with wired networks.
Current 3GPP standards incorporate the latest revision of the GSM standards. 3GPP documents are made available freely on the organisation's web site. Whilst 3GPP standards can be bewildering to the newcomer, they are a remarkably complete and detailed resource and provide insight into how the cellular industry works. They cover not only the radio part ("Air Interface") and Core Network, but also billing information and speech coding down to source code level. Cryptographic aspects (authentication, confidentiality) are also freely specified in detail. 3GPP2 offer similar information about their system.
Deployment
3GPP systems are deployed across much of the established GSM market (primarily Release 99 systems to date). As of 2005, 3GPP systems are seeing deployment in the same markets as 3GPP2 systems (for example, North America). Industry commentators speculate constantly about the competing systems, with the outcome far from clear.
3GPP specification
The term "3GPP specification" covers all GSM (including GPRS and EDGE) and W-CDMA specifications. The following terms are also used to describe networks using the 3G specifications: UTRAN, UMTS (in Europe) and FOMA (in Japan). Revised versions of many of these specifications are produced up to four times a year following the quarterly TSG plenary meetings. (TSG GERAN meets five times a year.) See the table below which gives links to lists of specifications arising from each plenary TSG meeting since the freezing of Release 1999. The month of the meeting and the meeting number are shown in each case. Note that the tables show only those specifications newly approved or modified at the meeting concerned; they do not contain a complete list of all specifications current following the meeting. For such a list, consult the "status list" - see below.
Following each TSG SA plenary meeting, a complete set of specifications is produced. This set includes not only the new specifications generated at that meeting, but also the latest versions of each specification that was not changed at that meeting. i.e. each directory holds a complete set of specifications. Each set has an associated status list as detailed in the table below. Each set (and corresponding status list) includes the specs arising from the TSG GERAN meetings held since the preceding SA meeting. (GERAN meets asynchronously from the other TSGs.)
The Status List (ZIPped RTF or Word format) summarizes the current version number for every release of every 3GPP specification following each TSG plenary meeting. Also listed for each specifications are:
- the 3GPP working group and rapporteur responsible for the specification
- the Project Manager in MCC (Mobile Competence Centre) responsible for the specification
- the meeting at which it was, or is expected to be, "frozen" (i.e. the point after which only corrections are allowed)
The exact origin of yogurt is not known. But we do know that this important dairy product dates back to biblical times and beyond. Yogurt was probably first eaten in the Middle East. In that region’s hot climate, milk spoils rapidly. For this reason yogurt, which does not spoil easily, was a welcome discovery. Yogurt no doubt developed some time in the distant past when certain bacteria accidentally got into some stored milk.
That is what yogurt is today milk in which two friendly strains of bacteria are grown. The names of these micro organisms are Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococus thermophilus
How is yogurt made? In its most common form, yogurt is made from cow’s milk. Much of the fat is often removed and nonfat milk solids with extra protein are added. The milk is homogenized, pasteurized, and then injected with the bacteria. Sometimes fruit preserves and other ingredients are added. But in natural yogurt, no artificial flavor, color, or preservatives should be used.
The milk, now containing the bacteria, is piped into machines that fill the yogurt cups you see in the stores. These cups are then stored in incubators until the product reaches the custard like thickness typical of yogurt. Throughout this process, temperatures must be carefully controlled for the yogurt to develop properly.
Yogurt is a food with many uses. It is a good source of protein calcium, certain B vitamins, and minerals. Because of its nutrional value, many people eat yogurt as a supplement to their reguler diet or as a snack between meals. It can be enjoyed by itself or combined with other foods, such as apple sauce, peanut butter, or dry cereal. Many cooks use yogurt in recipes for salad dressings, desserts, and main dishes.
Yogurt is a popular food in many parts of the world. In Finland it is glumes, in Norway kyael meelk, and in Russia prostokvasha. In India, the Balkans, and the Middle East, yogurt is used as an ingredient in many dishes.
Food markets in the United States offer different types of yogurt. There is the sundaestyle yogurt, with fruit on the bottom; Swissstyle, with fruit throughout; and westernstyle, with fruit on the bottom and fruit coloring and sweetening on top. Two of the most popular types of yogurt are frozen yogurt on a stick and soft frozen yogurt served from machines.
Some people make yogurt at home with their own yogurt machine. The instructions, which come with the machine, must be followed carefully. For example, unless the milk is kept at the right temperature, the bacteria cannot live. The result would then be sour milk, not yogurt.
“The circus is coming to town!” this news long has heralded one of the most exciting events of childhood. Each year the people of almost every citi and large town could look forward to at least one big top show. Many circuses traveled te length and breadth of the land during the months of warm weather. Some were small one ring shows. Today large shows, such as the famaous Ringling Bros. And Barnum and Bailey Circus, visit many major U.S cities each year, offering a breathtaking performance in each of their rings at the same time.
The circus has changed in looks and form over the years. But its appeal is ageless and never changing. People like to see amusing acts that will make them laugh, and they like to see colorful exhibitions that require skill and daring. The circus is enterainment in its purest form.
Every age has contributed to the circus we know today. Pottery and wall drawings found in ancient ruins show acrobats and junglers. The word “circus” comes from a Roman arena, The Circus Maximus. In Latin, circus means circle or ring. In the Circus Maximus there were fats of skill and daring, such as exciting chariots races. Two forerunners of the modern cicus clown were Arlecchino (Harlequin) and Pulcinella (pierrot) of the 16th century Italian commedia dell’ arte. The trained bear, the town junggler, the court jester of medieval times all have their counterparts in the circus today.
The circus as we know it dates from the late 18th century. In 1770, Philip Astley opened a riding school in England. In the morning he taught horsemanship. In the afternoon he put on a show that included skillful riding, acrobatics, wire walking, and acts by trained dogs.
In 1792, John Ricketts established the first circus in the United State. George Washingtons was one of the many people who attended Rickett’s circus in Philadelphia. There are earlier reports of circus acts in North America, but this was the first circus in which an entire and varied prformance was given.
Cristropher Columbus found Central Aerican Indians using cacao beans for money. But he failed to discover the real treasure hidden in the dark brown, almond shaped been. This was left to the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortes.
When Cortes and his men conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1519, they dound the Indian using the cocoa beans to make a beverage called chocolatl. This early from of chocolate was very bitter, abd Spaniards didn’t like the drink until they sweetened I with sugarcane.
Cortes took cacao beans back with him to Spain, where chocolate became the special drink of the aristrocacy. The Spaniards experimented with new flavorings, such ad vanilla or cinnamon. Menwhile the art of chocolate making itself was kept a closely guarded Spanish secret.
Another 100 years passed before the other courts of Europe were introduced to the exotic drink. The elegant court of France adopted it at once. In England chocolate made its appearance in 1657 at thje first “chocolate hause”, which soon became a fashionable meeting place.
Chocolate was too expensive for any but the very wealthy, since the beans had to be ground by hand. In 1730 the invention of a machine that speeded up the grinding process lowered the price.
In 1828 C.J Van Houten, a Netherlander, revolutionized the chocolate industry by inventing a press that squeezed the rich cocoa butter out of the cacao beans. He ground the remaining chocolate into powder. This chocolate powder, or cocoa, made a smoother, less rich drink than the thick chocolate of the 18th century. Even more revolutionary., the cocoa, the cocoa butter that had been squeezed out was added to a sugar and chocolate combination and molded into bars. People began to eat chocolate as well as drink it.
But the chocolate wass still coarse and bitter. In 1876 M. D. Peter, of Vevey, Switzerland, put milk into his chocolate and produced a new flavor. A few year later final refinement turned chocolate into the smooth grained, vevelty candy of today.
Chess is the most popular war game ever invented. The kings and queens who lead thw two chess armies must face all kinds of dangerous situations. They are attacked and defended by castles, bishops, knights on horseback, and common soldiers. Eventually one of the kings is trapped and he must surrender to the other army. Every new game of chaess ia a different battle, and the two players are the generals who plan the battle.
Since its origin in India and Persia more than 13 centuries ago. Chess, the “ royal game,” has provided many exciting hour of play for both children and adults.
The word “chess” is derived form the Persian word shah, which means “king”. The term “checkmate”, signifying that the enemy king is treatened and cannot be saved, can be traced to an Arabic phrase, shah mat, which means “the king is dead”.
Many English word that are used in the game of chess, like “checkmate”, “stalemate”, ‘pawn”, and “gambit” have become important word in our everyday languange. You will find them used often by television commentators and newspaper columnist in describing political or military struggles.
Chess is extremely popular in the Russian; chess heroes there are as famous as baseball heroes are in the United State. Russian master have won many world championships since the end of World War II.
An ion is an atom or groups of atoms that carries an electric charge.
All atoms are made up of smaller particles, called subatomic particles. Some of these smaller particles carry and electric charge at all times, but the charges are not always apparent. The reason is that there are two different kinds of charges: positive and negative. The two sometimes balance each other inside the atom. This causes the atom to behave as though it carried no charge at all.
At the center of every atom is a nucleus, containing one or more particles called protons. Each of these protons has a posiive charge. Surrounding the nucleus are particles called electrons. Each of these has a negative charge.
An ordinary atom has exactly as many protons as electrons. This means that it has exactly as many positive charges as negative charges. All the charges balance, and the atom is electrical neutral.
Suppose you upset the balance by removing some of the particles. You will then produce en electric charge and form an ion. Thios process in ionization.
The particles removed are usually electrons. Protons are heavy particles in the nucleus. It is difficult to do anything to them. Electrons. However, are light particles, and some are bound rather lightly to the rest of the atom. They are easy to remove.
In fact, some electrons in atoms of metals are so easily removed that under certain condition they can be made to flow through the metal. We describe this as an electric current flowing through the metal. An electric current in emta; is actually the flowing of loose electrons.
It is possible to cause atoms to give up electrons by bombarding the atoms with energy in the form of light or heat. If an element cam be made to give off electrons when it is struck by light, those moving electrons will make up an electric currnt wherever they go. We can construct a photoelectric cell (or an “electric eye”) out of such elements.
A photoelectric cell is sometimes used to open and shut doors automatically. Light shining on the cells causes it to give of electrons. The electrons make up an electric current that causes the door to stay shut. As you approach the door, you body interrupts the beam of light. As a result, the electric current stops. The doors opens in time for you pass through.
Atoms will also realese electron is heated strongly enough. In a radio tube a metal wire is heated so that electrons are given off. The movement of these electrons can be strictly controlled because they carry negative charges. This means they can be attracted to any object that carries an negative charge. (Similar charges repel each other).
By controlling the flow of electrons in this fashion, we can make electric currents start and stop. We can direct them, strengthen weak currents, and so on. Instruments that make use of such controlled electron flows are electronic. Radio and television sets are common examples of electronic device.
It is natural for people to love their homes. From the earliest time men have decorated the places where they live to make hem as beautiful as possible. Interior decoration is therefore one of the oldest of the arts. It is also an important one, for the room you live in affect your life. The best interior decoration makes people feel comfortable and happy. The furnishings of a room are not just for show; furniture should please the people who use it and suit the way they live. Simple rooms are usually the best. If curtains, rugs, and furniture get in the way of day-to-day activities, the decoration is not successful.
The earliest interior decoration came from the desire for comfort, convinience, and beuty. The interior decoration we know with furniture, caroets, and curtains began about the time Columbus discovered America. There is a beautiful palace in Mantua, Italy, where the suite of Isabella d’Este (1474-1539), the Marchioness of Mantua, can still be seen. She had rooms designed that were small enough to be comfortable and private. They were more cozy tha the great stony halls of the palace. Palaces were built in those days to impress people with the wealth and power of the owner. They were not well suited to human needs.
It Is interesting to think about the reasons for certain furnishings. Curtains, for instance, were not hung just to look pretty, but to control light and ventilation (the movement of air).
The way thay people live effects the type of furniture they use. Early American furniture they use. Early American furniture, for example, was very study plain. The first settlers were too busy farming, clearing the wildness, and fighting the Indians to make anything but necessary and useful objects. As life became easier, frontier furniture became more graceful, for the pioneers had more time to spend on making furniture.
Many things continue to affect styles of decoration: world’s fairs, travel to other countries, scientific discoveries, and changes in architecture and building methods. Indeed, one great interior designer may start a completely new school of thought.
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